Suleman S, Madsen AL, Ängquist LH, et al. Supplementary material for (Genetic underpinnings of fasting and oral glucose-stimulated based insulin sensitivity indices)

1. Supplementary Text, Figures and Tables

2. Inverse normalization of IS indices

The IS indices were inverse normalized using the following function derived from the Yang, J., Loos, R., Powell, J. et al 2012 Supplemtary information.

# @param x is the data-frame containing non-linear distributed data values
#
# @return returns ranked based inverse normal transformed values


inormal <- function(x)
    {
    qnorm((rank(x, na.last = "keep") - 0.5) / sum(!is.na(x)))
}

3. A comprehensive association chart for 21 IS indices and 426 T2D associated genetic variants

Impact of T2D-Associated Risk Alleles on Insulin Sensitivity (IS) Indices. This figure illustrates the relationships between 21 IS indices and 426 genetic variants linked to Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), each with a Minor Allele Frequency (MAF) exceeding 1%. These associations are analyzed using inverse normalized IS indices, which range from -1.0 to 1.0. The analysis specifically focuses on alleles that increase the risk of T2D. The x-axis categorizes the various IS indices, while the y-axis quantifies the effect sizes associated with each specific gene (or locus), variant, and T2D-risk increasing allele. In cases where the gene is denoted by ‘–’, there is no nearby gene identified in the original studies (Mahajn et al 2018 and Vujkovic et al 2020). The color spectrum of the heatmap represents the magnitude and direction of the effect size: blue indicates a negative impact, while red signifies a positive impact. Hovering over specific data points reveals detailed information, including the gene name, variant, effect size, p-value, index, and index group. Index groups are classified based on the type of index: fasting, OGTT0,120, or OGTT0,30,120